Reminder on Lipoprotein Metabolism
chylomicrons from exogenous TAGs → chylomicron remnant due to LPL VLDLs from endogenous TAGs → remnant VLDL (LPL) → LDL (Hepatic lipase)
some studies have come out with remnants as a risk factor
Foams cells in the arterial wall leading to atherosclerosis
LDL enters the vascular wall and is oxidsed. oxidised LDL leads to phagocytosis by macrophages which turns them to foam cells this is atherosclerogenic
LDL
LDL promotes heart disease statins lower LDL
familial hypercholesterolaemia
Lp(a)
LDL fused with Apo(a)
plasminogen is like Apo(a)
plasminogen breaks fibrin apart
Apo(a) has an expansion repeat at KIV2
smaller expansion repeat can lead to effective higher levels
Lp(a) thrombogen as it bind to fibrin without breaking it down immunogenic atherogenic
leads to CVD at high levels
statins are ineffective in lowering Lp(a)
HDL
Low HDl kinda sucks
HDl can still be bad for you