in neoplasia the growth exceed and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stumuli which evoked the change.
Objectives
- outline nomenclature the naming of neroplasia
- outline the classification of tumours
- behavioural
- histological
- understand the significance of differentiation and grading of malignant tumours
- understand the significance of metastasis and staging
Glossary
- cancer
- lay malignant
- oncology
- branch of medicine dealing with tumours
- tumor
- swelling
- mass
- radiological term for a lump/tumour
- Neoplasm
- clonal expansion of stam cells that have undergone neoplastic transformation
- Dysplasia
classification
is to..
- determine prognosis
- determine who withll benefit from treatments
- allow the accurate exchange of information
- facilitate epidemiological analysis
Nomenclature
| Tissue type | Benign tumor | Malignant tumour |
|---|---|---|
| mesenchymal | ||
| fibrous | fibroma | fibrosarcoma |
| smooth | leiomyoma | leiomyosarcoma |
| bone | osteoma | osteosarcoma |
| epithelial (glandular) | adenoma | carinoma (adenocarinoma) |
Benign neoplasms
usually dont metastasitsize fibrous cap
Malignant neoplasms
often spread more
hormone related neoplasms
this can lead to cushings or
Cachexia
multi organ syndrome of systemic inflammation and negtive energy balance
cytokines produced by the tumour and the host response
- irreversible wasting away of the body that occurs during the last stages of severe chronic illnesses such as cancer
Peau D’orange
signs of breast cancer
both benign and malignant neoplasms have molecular and genetic pathological subclassification used to: predict respnose to systemic therapy predict prognosis/risk of spread determine type and class of tumour - specific molecular events make a differential diagnosis of malignancy
Benign vs malignant
tumour classification
behavioursal classidication histogenic classification grade stage
Metastasis
tumour staging
staging is an indicator of a patients chances of surviving and also helps therapists plant treatment. usually of greater clinical significance when compared to reading
staging is based on size of primary neoplasm extent of its spread to regional lymph nodes presence of absence blood borne metastases
sometimes grading is more important
- soft issue sarcoma
- primary brain tumour
- lymphoma, prostate cancer
staging is accomplished by combining multidisciplinary factors