L03 Genetics Molecular biology 2

Molecular biology 2

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Status: S1LectNotes Time: 2025-03-10 Tags: lecturenotes Links:

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Objectives:

Take home:

Things to note:

Rambles: Genetic factors that may cause genetic disease

mutations are the main one

1. Chromosomal
   1. number of chromosomes change
2. subchromosomal 2. chunks of chromosomes change eg inversion translocation
3. DNA
   1. Single nucleotide substitutions
      1. when 1 is swapped out
   2. indels 2. insertion of deletions of bases
   3. Frame shift mutation
      1. when an indel is not a multiple of 3
   4. Dynamic mutations 2. Expansion of a polymorphic dna repeat like huntingtons has more than 36 glu repeats

fragile x syndrome

Harm to the following can cause adverse effects mutations

especially in

• starter and ending sections of introns
• promoter
• start and end of gene
• other exon mutation eg frameshift and

chromosomal mutations chromosomal mutation can alter thegenetic dosage of things

dynamic mutations polymorphic repeats are repeated more than they should

epigenetics is the nonbase pair modifications of single genes epigenomics is the modification of whole genomes