Learning objectives Know about the:
- Viruses causing hepatitis
- Pathogenesis and diagnosis of viral hepatitis
- Tranmission and prevalence of hepatitis viruses
- Preventiona nd treatment of hepatitis virus infections
What are hepatitis viruses
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, and this causes viral hepatitis. Hepatitis can also be caused by bacteria parasits, alcohol poison, autoimmune etc.
Types of hepatitis virueses a b c d e are the 5 types they are biologially unrelated hepatitis b and c are the most concerning as they stick around causing chronic hepatitis
Hepatitis A virus
Picornavidisae linear RNA genome nonenveloped visues released from cells covered in envelope infect higher primates
Hepatitis B virus
Hepadnaviridae enveloped circular DNA genome copies are made though reverse transcription partially double stranded and needs to be completed in host cell. There are multiple forms found in the infected cells Large pherical virion small shperical subvirl particles filamentous subviral. particles ingects most higher primates enables hepatitis D disemmination
Hepatitis D is a satelltie virus it needs a helper virsys to complete life cycle exist only in HBV infected cells. acquire HBV for infection
Hepatits C
falviviridae enveloped virin linear rna gemone ingect mostly higher primates
Hepatitis E
hapaviridaer linear RNA genome nonenvleoped virion also quasi envelped exists ifect humans and other animals
mode of transmission
hep a and e are contaminated food and water
hep cbd direct contant with bodily fluids (semen, blood) blood tranfusion, sexual interourse, sharing needles and razors, pperinatal
Viral hepatitis
Thia ia an acute infectionb ut the real danger is when it becomes chronic hep b and c
acute infaction
chronic infection
transformative infection
Virus causes cancer through prolonged infection or viral oncogenes
Viral hepatitis
nausea fomiting fever abdominal pain dark urine hjaudnice. almost identical histopathologic lesion in liver clinical distinction is difficult lab diagnosis is required
liver cancer
20-25 yrs cirrhosis
lab diagnosis
PCR rtPCR liver function tests IgM elisa Liver biopsy for tissue damage
global burden
burden is prevalent worldwide
Genetic polymorphism Some ethnic groups are more susceptible than others.
Viral hepatitis prevention treatment
HAV Vacine is availible inactivated whole virus HBVHDV virus liek particles HCV no vaccine available HEV nothing available
interferons can injected and myrcludec B whichis a synthetic peptide