cervical vertebra and differeneces in sections
Cervical vertebral column 7 cervical vertebrae 2 atypical atlas and axiz vertebra promeninens C7 do bifid spinous process and gives attachment to the ligament nuchae
cervical vertabra c1 -c7 form the characteristicso fo a cervical vertebrae
- fused element
- foramaen transaversarium - occlusion
- body
- small and square shaped
- concave superior and convex inferior
- transverse processes have trancers foramina have vertebral arteries pass through
- spinout process is short and bifide
atlantoacial joint and ligaments
Atlas no spinous process or body consissts fo 2 bits with arches concave superior faucet
axios just had the dens which articulates with the axis it is held in place by the transverse ligament of atlas
this is called th eatlantoacial join permits head to be moved from side to side
cruciform lifament vertical ligament to bind the occipital to body of c2 (axis)
alar ligaments go from the dens to the lateral margins of foramen magnum, this checks excessive rotation of the head and atlas relative to the axis
curvature
kyphosis and lordosis
scoliosis - lateral curvature
thyroid fland locationa dn related structures blood supple
thyroid gland deep to the strap muscles sternothyroid and sternohyoid. lover end of the sterno scleido mestoid in the anterior lower aspect of the neck incrpont of c5 -t1 has the thin capsule seep to pretracheal fasciaserver 2 lateral lobes with an isthmus which connects them has para thyroid gland whose hormones manage calcium
structures releated to the thyroid - thyroidectomy medial to the thyroid id the larynz and trachae with lower pharynx and oesophagus behind enternal larygneal nerve and recurrent larygeal n int he gutter between the larynz/trachae and pharynxoesophagus above ot below respectively posterior surfact over laps the carotid sheath
blood supply to thyroid
it is a highly vascular organ
- superior thyroid AA form ECA
- inferior thyroid AA from subclavian artery branch -thyrocervical trunk
- external laryngeal nerve lies juyst behind siperioor thyroidea ima artery at the upper pole of the lobe
- occassionally thyroid artery form the branchiocephalic trunk or Rt CCA or directly from aorta
Veins and lymphatics
superior of gland is drained by the superior thyroid vein into the jugular vein middle straight into the IJV inferior into the brachiocephalic Vein
lymphatics follow arteries and superior dain into deep cervial nodes inferior lumph hollow inferior thyroid artery into the paratracheal and pretrachael nose
cervical plexus of nerves - phrenic nerve
phrenic nerve is the c345 root base from the cervical plexus sole motor supply of the diaphragm and also sensory to its centre part
leace on the superior lareral border of rthe scalenus anterior and runs obliquely in fron tof the scalene anterior towards medial side under cover of the prevertebral fascia
goes inbetweent he subslavian vein and artery to enter the thorax
arteries of the neck all branches of the ECA
- inferior thyroid artery
- superior thyroid artery from ECA
- ligual artery
- facial artery
- ascending pharygeal artery
- occipital artery
- posterior auricular artery
IJV drains blood fromt he brain and superficial parts of neck unites with the subclavian vein
pharynx structure lescles
a tube of muscles and membranes hanging from base of skullinto which opens nasal oral and payngeal cavities potential space behnid the pharynx ain from on vertebral bodias which may cause spread of infection
soft palate muscels
and sphenoid attachments
tonsils