The upper limb

Muscles of the upper limb

The muscle {{c1::muscle}} attaches proximally to {{c2::origin}} and distally to {{c3::insertion}}. Its action is {{c4::action}} and is innervated by {{c5::Innvervation}}

Arm

Muscle	Proximal attachment	Distal attachment	Action	Innervation
Biceps brachii	coracoid process and glenoid labrum	Radial tuberosity and aponeurosis	supination and elbow flexion	Musculocutaneous
coracobrachialis	coracoid process	shaft of humerus	shoulder flexion	Musculocutaneous
brachialis	humeral shaft	ulnar tuberosity	elbow flexor	Musculocutaneous
Posterior
Triceps	scapula and posterior humeral shaft	olecranon process	shoulder extension and elbow extension	Radial

Forearm (Anterior)

Muscle	Proximal attachment	Distal attachment	Action	Innervation
pronator teres	Medial epicondyle of humerus	Shaft of radius	pronation	median
flexor carpi radialis	Medial epicondyle of humerus	metacarpal bases 2 and 3	wrist flexion / radial deviation	Median
Palmaris longus	Medial epicondyle of humerus	palmar aponeurosis	wrist flexion	Median
flexor digitorum superficialis	Medial epicondyle of humerus	middle phalanges of the 2nd to 5th fingers	flexion at the PIP joint	Median
flexor carpi ulnaris	Medial epicondyle of humerus	5th metacarpal base	wrist flexion and ulnar deviation	Ulnar
flexor digitorum profundus	Ulna shaft and IO membrane	distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th fingers	flexion at the DIP joint	Lateral half median and medial half ulnar
flexor pollicis longus	(more distal) Radius shaft and IOM	base of distal phalange of thumb	flexion at the phalangeal joint of the thumb	median
pronator quadratus	radius and ulna	radius and ulna	PRONARTION	median

Forearm (posterior)

Muscle	Proximal attachment	Distal attachment	Action	Innervation
extensor carpi ulnaris	lateral epicondyle of humerus	5th metacarpal base	wrist extension and ulnar deviation	Radial
brachioradialis	Lateral supracondylar ridge	Styloid process of radius	flexion of elbow	Radial
anconeus	lateral epicondyle olecranon proximal ulna	lateral epicondyle olecranon proximal ulna	extension of the elbow	Radial
extensor carpi radialis longus	Lateral supracondylar ridge	2nd metacarpal base	radial deviation	Radial
ECR brevis	lateral epicondyle of humerus	2nd and 3rd meta carpal base	radial deviation	Radial
extensor digitorum	lateral epicondyle of humerus	bases of middle and distal phalanx of 2nd to 5th fingers (via extensor hood)	extension of PIP and DIP joints	Radial
extensor digiti minimi	lateral epicondyle of humerus	bases of middle and distal phalax of 5th finger via extensor hood	extension of 5th finger	Radial
supinator	lateral epicondyle and ulna	radius	SUPINATION	Radial
extensor indices	ulna and IOM	extensor hood of proximal phalanx of thumb	extension of index finger	Radial
extensor pollicis longus	ulna and IOM	distal phalanx of thumb	extension of phalageal joint in thumb	Radial
extensor pollicis brevis	radius and IOM	proximal phalanx of thumb	extension of phalangometacarpal joint in hand	Radial
adductor pollicis longus	ulna radius and IOM	base of first metacarpal	adduction of thumb	Radial

Muscle	Proximal attachment	Distal attachment	Action	Innervation
thenar
hypo thenar

Objective Q and A